Debian系统爱好者专属：DD脚本纯享版。
```#!/bin/sh
# shellcheck shell=dash
set -eu
err() {
printf "\n错误: %s.\n" "$1" 1>&2
exit 1
}
warn() {
printf "\警告: %s.\n继续使用默认值...\n" "$1" 1>&2
sleep 5
}
command_exists() {
command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
}
in_target_script=
in_target() {
local command=
for argument in "$@"; do
command="$command $argument"
done
[ -n "$command" ] && {
[ -z "$in_target_script" ] && in_target_script='true'
in_target_script="$in_target_script;$command"
}
}
in_target_backup() {
in_target "if [ ! -e \"$1.backup\" ]; then cp \"$1\" \"$1.backup\"; fi"
}
configure_sshd() {
[ -z "${sshd_config_backup+1s}" ] && in_target_backup /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sshd_config_backup=
in_target sed -Ei \""s/^#?$1 .+/$1 $2/"\" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
}
prompt_password() {
local prompt=
[ $# -gt 0 ] && prompt=$1
[ "$username" = root ] && prompt="为root用户选择一个密码: " || prompt="为用户 $username 选择一个密码: "
stty -echo
trap 'stty echo' EXIT
while [ -z "$password" ]; do
echo -n "$prompt" >/dev/tty
read -r password /dev/tty
done
stty echo
trap - EXIT
}
download() {
[ -n "$mirror_proxy" ] && {
[ -z "${http_proxy+1s}" ] && [ -z "${https_proxy+1s}" ] && [ -z "${ftp_proxy+1s}" ] && {
export http_proxy="$mirror_proxy"
export https_proxy="$mirror_proxy"
export ftp_proxy="$mirror_proxy"
}
}
if command_exists wget; then
wget -O "$2" "$1"
elif command_exists curl; then
curl -fL "$1" -o "$2"
elif command_exists busybox && busybox wget --help >/dev/null 2>&1; then
busybox wget -O "$2" "$1"
else
err '无法找到"wget"、"curl"或"busybox wget"来下载文件'
fi
}
set_mirror_proxy() {
[ -n "$mirror_proxy" ] && return
case $mirror_protocol in
http)
[ -n "${http_proxy+1s}" ] && mirror_proxy="$http_proxy"
;;
https)
[ -n "${https_proxy+1s}" ] && mirror_proxy="$https_proxy"
;;
ftp)
[ -n "${ftp_proxy+1s}" ] && mirror_proxy="$ftp_proxy"
;;
*)
err "不支持的协议: $mirror_protocol"
esac
}
set_security_archive() {
case $suite in
buster|oldoldstable)
security_archive="$suite/updates"
;;
bullseye|oldstable|bookworm|stable|trixie|testing)
security_archive="$suite-security"
;;
sid|unstable)
security_archive=''
;;
*)
err "不支持的版本: $suite"
esac
}
set_daily_d_i() {
case $suite in
buster|oldoldstable|bullseye|oldstable|bookworm|stable)
daily_d_i=false
;;
trixie|testing|sid|unstable)
daily_d_i=true
;;
*)
err "不支持的版本: $suite"
esac
}
set_suite() {
suite=$1
set_daily_d_i
set_security_archive
}
set_debian_version() {
case $1 in
10|buster|oldoldstable)
set_suite buster
;;
11|bullseye|oldstable)
set_suite bullseye
;;
12|bookworm|stable)
set_suite bookworm
;;
13|trixie|testing)
set_suite bookworm
;;
sid|unstable)
set_suite sid
;;
*)
err "不支持的版本: $1"
esac
}
has_cloud_kernel() {
case $suite in
buster|oldoldstable)
[ "$architecture" = amd64 ] && return
[ "$architecture" = arm64 ] && [ "$bpo_kernel" = true ] && return
;;
bullseye|oldstable|bookworm|stable|trixie|testing|sid|unstable)
[ "$architecture" = amd64 ] || [ "$architecture" = arm64 ] && return
esac
local tmp; tmp=''; [ "$bpo_kernel" = true ] && tmp='-backports'
warn "没有可用于 $architecture/$suite$tmp 的云内核"
return 1
}
has_backports() {
case $suite in
buster|oldoldstable|bullseye|oldstable|bookworm|stable|trixie|testing) return
esac
warn "没有可用于 $suite 的后端内核"
return 1
}
interface=auto
ip=
netmask=
gateway=
dns='8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'
dns6='2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844'
hostname=
network_console=false
set_debian_version 12
mirror_protocol=https
mirror_host=deb.debian.org
mirror_directory=/debian
mirror_proxy=
security_repository=mirror
account_setup=true
username=debian
password=
authorized_keys_url=
sudo_with_password=false
timezone=Asia/Shanghai
ntp=time.google.com
disk_partitioning=true
disk="/dev/$(lsblk -no PKNAME "$(df /boot | grep -Eo '/dev/+')")"
force_gpt=true
efi=
esp=106
filesystem=ext4
kernel=
cloud_kernel=false
bpo_kernel=false
install_recommends=true
install='sudo wget curl ntp lsb-release net-tools gnupg git socat cron jq bash-completion'
upgrade=
kernel_params=
force_lowmem=
bbr=false
ssh_port=
hold=false
power_off=false
architecture=
firmware=false
force_efi_extra_removable=true
grub_timeout=5
dry_run=false
apt_non_free_firmware=true
apt_non_free=false
apt_contrib=false
apt_src=true
apt_backports=true
cidata=
while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
case $1 in
--cdn)
;;
--aws)
mirror_host=cdn-aws.deb.debian.org
ntp=time.aws.com
;;
--cloudflare)
dns='1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1'
dns6='2606:4700:4700::1111 2606:4700:4700::1001'
ntp=time.cloudflare.com
;;
--aliyun)
dns='223.5.5.5 223.6.6.6'
dns6='2400:3200::1 2400:3200:baba::1'
mirror_host=mirrors.aliyun.com
ntp=time.amazonaws.cn
;;
--ustc|--china)
dns='119.29.29.29'
dns6='2402:4e00::'
mirror_host=mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
ntp=time.amazonaws.cn
;;
--tuna)
dns='119.29.29.29'
dns6='2402:4e00::'
mirror_host=mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
ntp=time.amazonaws.cn
;;
--interface)
interface=$2
shift
;;
--ip)
ip=$2
shift
;;
--netmask)
netmask=$2
shift
;;
--gateway)
gateway=$2
shift
;;
--dns)
dns=$2
shift
;;
--dns6)
dns6=$2
shift
;;
--hostname)
hostname=$2
shift
;;
--network-console)
network_console=true
;;
--version)
set_debian_version "$2"
shift
;;
--suite)
set_suite "$2"
shift
;;
--release-d-i)
daily_d_i=false
;;
--daily-d-i)
daily_d_i=true
;;
--mirror-protocol)
mirror_protocol=$2
shift
;;
--https)
mirror_protocol=https
;;
--mirror-host)
mirror_host=$2
shift
;;
--mirror-directory)
mirror_directory=${2%/}
shift
;;
--mirror-proxy|--proxy)
mirror_proxy=$2
shift
;;
--reuse-proxy)
set_mirror_proxy
;;
--security-repository)
security_repository=$2
shift
;;
--no-user|--no-account-setup)
account_setup=false
;;
--user|--username)
username=$2
shift
;;
--password)
password=$2
shift
;;
--authorized-keys-url)
authorized_keys_url=$2
shift
;;
--sudo-with-password)
sudo_with_password=true
;;
--timezone)
timezone=$2
shift
;;
--ntp)
ntp=$2
shift
;;
--no-part|--no-disk-partitioning)
disk_partitioning=false
;;
--force-lowmem)
[ "$2" != 0 ] && [ "$2" != 1 ] && [ "$2" != 2 ] && err '低内存级别只能是0、1或2'
force_lowmem=$2
shift
;;
--disk)
disk=$2
shift
;;
--no-force-gpt)
force_gpt=false
;;
--bios)
efi=false
;;
--efi)
efi=true
;;
--esp)
esp=$2
shift
;;
--filesystem)
filesystem=$2
shift
;;
--kernel)
kernel=$2
shift
;;
--cloud-kernel)
cloud_kernel=true
;;
--bpo-kernel)
bpo_kernel=true
;;
--apt-non-free-firmware)
apt_non_free_firmware=true
;;
--apt-non-free)
apt_non_free=true
apt_contrib=true
;;
--apt-contrib)
apt_contrib=true
;;
--apt-src)
apt_src=true
;;
--apt-backports)
apt_backports=true
;;
--no-apt-non-free-firmware)
apt_non_free_firmware=false
;;
--no-apt-non-free)
apt_non_free=false
;;
--no-apt-contrib)
apt_contrib=false
apt_non_free=false
;;
--no-apt-src)
apt_src=false
;;
--no-apt-backports)
apt_backports=false
;;
--no-install-recommends)
install_recommends=false
;;
--install)
install=$2
shift
;;
--no-upgrade)
upgrade=none
;;
--safe-upgrade)
upgrade=safe-upgrade
;;
--full-upgrade)
upgrade=full-upgrade
;;
--ethx)
kernel_params="$kernel_params net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
;;
--bbr)
bbr=true
;;
--ssh-port)
ssh_port=$2
shift
;;
--hold)
hold=true
;;
--power-off)
power_off=true
;;
--architecture)
architecture=$2
shift
;;
--firmware)
firmware=true
;;
--no-force-efi-extra-removable)
force_efi_extra_removable=false
;;
--grub-timeout)
grub_timeout=$2
shift
;;
--dry-run)
dry_run=true
;;
--cidata)
cidata=$(realpath "$2")
[ ! -f "$cidata/meta-data" ] && err '在cloud-init目录中找不到"meta-data"文件'
[ ! -f "$cidata/user-data" ] && err '在cloud-init目录中找不到"user-data"文件'
shift
;;
*)
err "未知选项: \"$1\""
esac
shift
done
[ -z "$architecture" ] && {
architecture=$(dpkg --print-architecture 2>/dev/null) || {
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
architecture=amd64
;;
aarch64)
architecture=arm64
;;
i386)
architecture=i386
;;
*)
err '未指定"--architecture"'
esac
}
}
[ -z "$kernel" ] && {
kernel="linux-image-$architecture"
[ "$cloud_kernel" = true ] && has_cloud_kernel && kernel="linux-image-cloud-$architecture"
[ "$bpo_kernel" = true ] && has_backports && install="$kernel/$suite-backports $install"
}
[ -n "$authorized_keys_url" ] && ! download "$authorized_keys_url" /dev/null &&
err "无法从 \"$authorized_keys_url\" 下载SSH授权的公钥"
non_free_firmware_available=false
case $suite in
bookworm|stable|trixie|testing|sid|unstable)
non_free_firmware_available=true
;;
*)
apt_non_free_firmware=false
esac
apt_components=main
[ "$apt_contrib" = true ] && apt_components="$apt_components contrib"
[ "$apt_non_free" = true ] && apt_components="$apt_components non-free"
[ "$apt_non_free_firmware" = true ] && apt_components="$apt_components non-free-firmware"
apt_services=updates
[ "$apt_backports" = true ] && apt_services="$apt_services, backports"
installer_directory="/boot/debian-$suite"
save_preseed='cat'
[ "$dry_run" = false ] && {
[ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && err '需要root权限'
rm -rf "$installer_directory"
mkdir -p "$installer_directory"
cd "$installer_directory"
save_preseed='tee -a preseed.cfg'
}
if [ "$account_setup" = true ]; then
prompt_password
elif [ "$network_console" = true ] && [ -z "$authorized_keys_url" ]; then
prompt_password "为SSH网络控制台的安装程序用户选择一个密码: "
fi
$save_preseed /dev/null) ||
password_hash=$(openssl passwd -5 "$password" 2>/dev/null) ||
password_hash=$(busybox mkpasswd -m sha256 "$password" 2>/dev/null) || {
for python in python3 python python2; do
password_hash=$("$python" -c 'import crypt, sys; print(crypt.crypt(sys.argv, crypt.mksalt(crypt.METHOD_SHA256)))' "$password" 2>/dev/null) && break
done
}
$save_preseed > ~root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
$save_preseed\"/etc/sudoers.d/90-user-$username\""
$save_preseed/etc/sysctl.d/bbr.conf'
[ -n "$cidata" ] && in_target 'echo "{ datasource_list: [ NoCloud ], datasource: { NoCloud: { fs_label: ~ } } }" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99_debi.cfg'
late_command='true'
[ -n "$in_target_script" ] && late_command="$late_command; in-target sh -c '$in_target_script'"
[ -n "$cidata" ] && late_command="$late_command; mkdir -p /target/var/lib/cloud/seed/nocloud; cp -r /cidata/. /target/var/lib/cloud/seed/nocloud/"
echo "d-i preseed/late_command string $late_command" | $save_preseed
[ "$power_off" = true ] && echo 'd-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true' | $save_preseed
save_grub_cfg='cat'
[ "$dry_run" = false ] && {
base_url="$mirror_protocol://$mirror_host$mirror_directory/dists/$suite/main/installer-$architecture/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/$architecture"
[ "$suite" = stretch ] && [ "$efi" = true ] && base_url="$mirror_protocol://$mirror_host$mirror_directory/dists/buster/main/installer-$architecture/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/$architecture"
[ "$daily_d_i" = true ] && base_url="https://d-i.debian.org/daily-images/$architecture/daily/netboot/debian-installer/$architecture"
firmware_url="https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/$suite/current/firmware.cpio.gz"
download "$base_url/linux" linux
download "$base_url/initrd.gz" initrd.gz
[ "$firmware" = true ] && download "$firmware_url" firmware.cpio.gz
gzip -d initrd.gz
echo preseed.cfg | cpio -o -H newc -A -F initrd
if [ -n "$cidata" ]; then
cp -r "$cidata" cidata
find cidata | cpio -o -H newc -A -F initrd
fi
gzip -1 initrd
mkdir -p /etc/default/grub.d
tee /etc/default/grub.d/zz-debi.cfg 1>&2"$tmp"
cat "$tmp" > /etc/default/grub
rm "$tmp"
echo 'zz_debi=/etc/default/grub.d/zz-debi.cfg; if [ -f "$zz_debi" ]; then . "$zz_debi"; fi' >> /etc/default/grub
grub_cfg=/boot/grub2/grub.cfg
[ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && grub_cfg=/boot/efi/EFI/*/grub.cfg
grub2-mkconfig -o "$grub_cfg"
elif command_exists grub-mkconfig; then
tmp=$(mktemp)
grep -vF zz_debi /etc/default/grub > "$tmp"
cat "$tmp" > /etc/default/grub
rm "$tmp"
echo 'zz_debi=/etc/default/grub.d/zz-debi.cfg; if [ -f "$zz_debi" ]; then . "$zz_debi"; fi' >> /etc/default/grub
grub_cfg=/boot/grub/grub.cfg
grub-mkconfig -o "$grub_cfg"
else
err '无法找到 "update-grub" 或 "grub2-mkconfig" 或 "grub-mkconfig" 命令'
fi
save_grub_cfg="tee -a $grub_cfg"
}
mkrelpath=$installer_directory
[ "$dry_run" = true ] && mkrelpath=/boot
installer_directory=$(grub-mkrelpath "$mkrelpath" 2>/dev/null) ||
installer_directory=$(grub2-mkrelpath "$mkrelpath" 2>/dev/null) || {
err '无法找到 "grub-mkrelpath" 或 "grub2-mkrelpath" 命令'
}
[ "$dry_run" = true ] && installer_directory="$installer_directory/debian-$suite"
kernel_params="$kernel_params lowmem/low=1"
[ -n "$force_lowmem" ] && kernel_params="$kernel_params lowmem=+$force_lowmem"
initrd="$installer_directory/initrd.gz"
[ "$firmware" = true ] && initrd="$initrd $installer_directory/firmware.cpio.gz"
$save_grub_cfg 1>&2 << EOF
menuentry 'Debian Installer' --id debi {
insmod part_msdos
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
insmod xfs
insmod btrfs
linux $installer_directory/linux$kernel_params
initrd $initrd
}
EOF
```
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